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Chapter XII. Statistics

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At this point, we need to consider the basics of data analysis in psychological research in more detail. In this chapter, we first focus on descriptive statistics—a set of techniques for summarizing and displaying the data from your sample. Then we address a set of techniques called inferential statistics. We focus, in particular, on null hypothesis testing, the most common approach to inferential statistics in psychological research, including a conceptual overview and a review of several null hypothesis testing techniques. Finally, look at some long-standing criticisms of inferential statistics and some ways of dealing with these criticisms.

**Note that this chapter has been adapted from the source material (Jhangiani, et al., 2019). In particular, we have merged chapter XII. Descriptive Statistics and chapter XIII. Inferential Statistics

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53. Describing Statistical Relationships